Who holds accountability in the deployment of Responsible AI?

The correct answer emphasizes that the human clinician or organization deploying the AI bears the responsibility for its application. This accountability arises from their role in choosing, implementing, and supervising the technology. Responsible AI deployment entails ensuring that the AI systems function ethically, safely, and transparently, which includes being attentive to unintended consequences that might arise from the technology.

Despite the advanced capabilities of AI algorithms, they do not possess agency. They are tools that must be operated within the context of human oversight and regulatory frameworks. Similarly, while software developers create the algorithms, their accountability is often limited to the quality and functionality of the software they produce, rather than the ethical implications of its use in practice. Lastly, patients are generally not in a position to be accountable for the AI systems they encounter; instead, they are the end-users and rely on the clinicians and institutions to ensure that these technologies are implemented with care and responsibility.