What type of NLP model is based on human-defined rules?

The correct choice revolves around the nature of rule-based models in natural language processing (NLP). A rule-based model relies on explicitly defined linguistic rules that are designed by humans to handle the processing of language. These rules can encompass a variety of grammatical constructions, syntactic patterns, and even domain-specific knowledge, allowing the model to parse and understand text in a structured manner.

In contrast to machine learning-based models, which learn from large datasets and adjust their behaviors based on patterns and probabilistic inferences, rule-based models do not require extensive data for training. Instead, they rely on meticulously crafted rules that reflect human understanding of language. Similarly, transformer-based models utilize neural networks to learn language representations, making them fundamentally different from the straightforward logic of rule-based systems. Data-based models also lean heavily on predefined datasets for learning, further distancing them from the rule-driven approach.

Thus, the emphasis on human-defined rules distinctly characterizes rule-based NLP models, enhancing their ability to perform specific, preprogrammed tasks efficiently within well-defined parameters. This makes them particularly useful in scenarios where the complexity of linguistic patterns is manageable and where interpretability is a priority.